Zebrafish

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Generalities

Zebrafish Danio rerio is a freshwater fish native to Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal). It lives in stagnant water, slow-moving rivers and rice paddies. The zebrafish’s transparent embryos, which develop outside the mother, have made the zebrafish a powerful model to study the development of fish, and by extension, vertebrates. Today, the scientific community also uses zebrafish to gain a better understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms involved in the spread of some diseases, such as cancer.

In addition, its excellent reproductive capacity (abundant egg-laying all year round), and the low stringency of the rearing conditions make it easy to use.

Reproduction

The zebrafish is an oviparous species. Egg-laying is abundant and the breeding season is constant throughout the year. Adults may prey on eggs: to avoid it, putting logs or a grid at the bottom of the tank is commonly used. Once fertilized by the male, the eggs fall to the bottom of the tank, and can be harvested once adults are removed. Incubation lasts about 48 hours at 28°C. After fertilization, the egg will undergo a succession of synchronous divisions leading to a set of identical and totipotent cells. At the midblastula transition stage, zygotic genome is activated. Gastrulation will then start. Zebrafish development is very fast: only 24 hours after fertilization, the single-cell zygote turns into a tadpole embryo. An adult zebrafish measures 2 to 3 cm.

As its name suggests, zebrafish has five horizontal blue stripes along the body. It can be bred after three months for the earliest offspring.

Tools

Numerous mutants screened as a result of intensive mutagenesis
Transgenesis is possible by injecting into the egg, nuclear transfer, embryo transfection (monitoring of the activity of a regulatory sequence thanks to the GFP reporter gene is routinely performed)
Ectopic expression of a gene by injecting a corresponding mRNA in the early stages of division
Possible gene studies by silencing with small morpholino anti-sense molecules
Genome editing through nucleases (TALE, CRISP-R)
Drugs testing by simple addition in the environment (embryos are permeable to small molecules)
Numerous advanced techniques for functional exploration

Databases

Databases list:

https://wiki.zfin.org/display/general/Genomic+Resources+for+Zebrafish

Infrastructures

Experts

Bibliography

[FR] Biologie du développement de Scott-F Gilbert et Susan-R Singer (Auteurs), Sylvie Rolin et Etienne Brachet (Traducteurs) Editions : De Boeck, 2e édition (13 mai 2004)

[FR] “Etablissement des axes embryonnaires au cours du développement du poisson zèbre”, Bernard Thisse et Christine Thisse, MEDECINE/SCIENCES 2002 ; 18 : 193-204

http://crispor.tefor.net/

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson-zèbre

http://www.aquabase.org/fish/view.php3?id=28

http://www.ensembl.org/Danio_rerio/Info/Index?db=core