Generalities
The tomato Solanum lycopersicum is a herbaceous plant species native to northwestern South America. Tomato is one of the most consumed fruits in the human diet. It belongs to the Solanaceae family, whose most widely used members are potatoes, pepper, eggplant and tobacco. Its short life cycle, the possibility of directing crosses, its resilience against different climatic conditions, and a model easily genetically transformed, make the tomato a model of excellence for research on fleshy fruits, such as grapes, apples, peaches, strawberries and melons.
- Name: Solanum lycopersicum
- Phylogenetic classification: Solanaceae family
- Genome sequencing complete (2012, The Tomato Genome Consortium)
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Genome size: 950 Mbp on 12 pairs of chromosomes.
Number of genes: about 35,000.
Reproduction
Reproduction period: all year round.
Development cycle: 100-120 days.
The tomato flower is hermaphroditic, the staminate tube that encloses and protects the male and female sexual organs, provides dominant self-pollination and variable percentage cross-pollination.
Tools
- Collections of genetic resources
- Large collections of natural variants and mutants (mutagenesis by EMS revealed by TILLING method in particular)
- Numerous genetic markers: RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), SSRs (simple sequence repeat), SNPs
- BACs and YACs libraries
- Large ESTs collections (about 250,000)
- QTLs, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses
- COS markers (Conserved Ortholog Set) allowing studies of synteny with the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana
- "Gain of function" mutations through transformations (by insertions of T-DNA or transposons from other species) and gene silencing by RNAi or VIGS (Virus Induced Gene Silencing)
Databases
Bases de données génomiques :
http://sgn.cornell.edu/
http://ted.bti.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/TFGD/order/home.cgi
http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/plant/tomato/index.jsp
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/?org=solanum-lycopersicum&group=solanales
Banque de variants naturels et de mutants :
http://tgrc.ucdavis.edu/
Base de données de microarrays :
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/
http://www.jcvi.org/
Base de données sur le métabolisme :
http://solcyc.solgenomics.net/
Infrastructures
- UR 1268 - Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages
- https://www6.angers-nantes.inrae.fr/bia/
- Nantes
- Unité de Recherche de Pathologie végétale
- https://www6.paca.inrae.fr/pathologie_vegetale/
- Avignon - Montfavet
- UMR 408 - Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV)
- https://www6.paca.inrae.fr/sqpov/
- Avignon
- UMR 1065 - Santé et Agroécologie du vignoble
- https://www6.bordeaux-aquitaine.inrae.fr/sante-agroecologie-vignoble/
- Villenave-d'Ornon
- Unité Plantes et Système de cultures Horticoles (PSH)
- https://www6.paca.inrae.fr/psh
- Avignon
- US1279 INRAE - Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux (EPGV)
- https://www6.versailles-grignon.inrae.fr/epgv/
- Evry
- UMR 1332 INRAE/Université de Bordeaux - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP)
- https://www6.bordeaux-aquitaine.inrae.fr/bfp/
- Villenave d'Ornon
Experts
- Mathilde CAUSSE
- Mathilde.Causse@avignon.inra.fr
- UR 1052, GAFL-Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Avignon
Bibliography
- Books
Tomato. In “Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants”, Volume 5, Vegetables, Labate JA, S Grandillo, T Fulton, S Muños, AL Caicedo, I Peralta, Y Ji, RT Chetelat, JW Scott, MJ Gonzalo, D Francis, W Yang, E van der Knaap, AM Baldo, B Smith-White, LA Mueller, JP Prince, NE Blanchard, DB Storey, MR Stevens, MD Robbins, J Fen Wang, BE Liedl, MA O’Connell, JR Stommel, K Aoki, Y Iijima, AJ Slade, SR Hurst, D Loeffler, MN Steine, D Vafeados, C McGuire, C Freeman, A Amen, J Goodstal, D Facciotti, J Van Eck, M Causse, Editeur : C. Kole, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 11-135, 2007.
- Articles
“Tomato : a model plant for Solanaceae genomics. ”, Stevens R, M. Bouzayen, M. Causse, C. Etienne, C. Rothan, Functional Plant Genomics, éditeurs : J.F. Morot-Gaudry, P Lea, J.F. Briat, Science Publishers (USA), 708 p, 2007
“ Traditional and enhanced breeding for fruit quality traits in tomato. ”, Causse M, R Damidaux, P Rousselle, Genetic Improvement of Solanaceous Crops, Vol.2: Tomato. Editeurs : M.K.Razdan and A. K. Mattoo, Science Publishers, Enfield, USA, 637 pp, 2007.
“Genomic databases for tomato”, K. Yano, K. Aoki, D. Shibata, Plant Biotechnology, 24, 17-25, 2007.
- Websites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum
“The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution“. The Tomato Genome Consortium. Nature. 2012 May 30; 485, 635–641(2012)